Low 2018/19 vaccine effectiveness against influenza A(H3N2) among 15–64-year-olds in Europe: exploration by birth cohort
Identifieur interne : 000070 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000069; suivant : 000071Low 2018/19 vaccine effectiveness against influenza A(H3N2) among 15–64-year-olds in Europe: exploration by birth cohort
Auteurs : Esther Kissling [France] ; Francisco Pozo [Espagne] ; Silke Buda [Allemagne] ; Ana-Maria Vilcu [France] ; Alin Gherasim [Espagne] ; Mia Brytting [Suède] ; Lisa Domegan [Irlande (pays), Suède] ; Ver Nica G Mez [Portugal] ; Adam Meijer [Pays-Bas] ; Mihaela Lazar [Roumanie] ; Vesna Višekruna Vu Ina [Croatie] ; Ralf Dürrwald [Allemagne] ; Sylvie Van Der Werf [France] ; Amparo Larrauri [Espagne] ; Theresa Enkirch [Suède] ; Joan O Onnell [Irlande (pays)] ; Raquel Guiomar [Portugal] ; Mariëtte Hooiveld [Pays-Bas] ; Goranka Petrovi [Croatie] ; Elena Stoian [Roumanie] ; Pasi Penttinen [Suède] ; Marta Valenciano [France]Source :
- Eurosurveillance [ 1025-496X ] ; 2019.
Abstract
Influenza A(H3N2) clades 3C.2a and 3C.3a co-circulated in Europe in 2018/19. Immunological imprinting by first childhood influenza infection may induce future birth cohort differences in vaccine effectiveness (VE).
The I-MOVE multicentre primary care test-negative study assessed 2018/19 influenza A(H3N2) VE by age and genetic subgroups to explore VE by birth cohort.
We measured VE against influenza A(H3N2) and (sub)clades. We stratified VE by usual age groups (0–14, 15–64, ≥ 65-years). To assess the imprint-regulated effect of vaccine (I-REV) hypothesis, we further stratified the middle-aged group, notably including 32–54-year-olds (1964–86) sharing potential childhood imprinting to serine at haemagglutinin position 159.
Influenza A(H3N2) VE among all ages was −1% (95% confidence interval (CI): −24 to 18) and 46% (95% CI: 8–68), −26% (95% CI: −66 to 4) and 20% (95% CI: −20 to 46) among 0–14, 15–64 and ≥ 65-year-olds, respectively. Among 15–64-year-olds, VE against clades 3C.2a1b and 3C.3a was 15% (95% CI: −34 to 50) and −74% (95% CI: −259 to 16), respectively. VE was −18% (95% CI: −140 to 41), −53% (95% CI: −131 to −2) and −12% (95% CI: −74 to 28) among 15–31-year-olds (1987–2003), 32–54-year-olds (1964–86) and 55–64-year-olds (1954–63), respectively.
The lowest 2018/19 influenza A(H3N2) VE was against clade 3C.3a and among those born 1964–86, corresponding to the I-REV hypothesis. The low influenza A(H3N2) VE in 15–64-year-olds and the public health impact of the I-REV hypothesis warrant further study.
Url:
DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.48.1900604
PubMed: 31796152
PubMed Central: 6891946
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Croatie, Espagne, France, Irlande (pays), Pays-Bas, Portugal, Roumanie, Suède
- Berlin, Communauté de Madrid, Svealand, Utrecht (province), Île-de-France
- Berlin, Madrid, Paris, Stockholm, Utrecht
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Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Domegan, Lisa" sort="Domegan, Lisa" uniqKey="Domegan L" first="Lisa" last="Domegan">Lisa Domegan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Health Service Executive- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Health Service Executive- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dublin</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff9">European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="G Mez, Ver Nica" sort="G Mez, Ver Nica" uniqKey="G Mez V" first="Ver Nica" last="G Mez">Ver Nica G Mez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lisbon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meijer, Adam" sort="Meijer, Adam" uniqKey="Meijer A" first="Adam" last="Meijer">Adam Meijer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bilthoven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lazar, Mihaela" sort="Lazar, Mihaela" uniqKey="Lazar M" first="Mihaela" last="Lazar">Mihaela Lazar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12">”Cantacuzino” National Military-Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>”Cantacuzino” National Military-Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bucharest</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vu Ina, Vesna Visekruna" sort="Vu Ina, Vesna Visekruna" uniqKey="Vu Ina V" first="Vesna Višekruna" last="Vu Ina">Vesna Višekruna Vu Ina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Croatian Institute of Public Health, Division for epidemiology of communicable diseases, Zagreb, Croatia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>Croatian Institute of Public Health, Division for epidemiology of communicable diseases, Zagreb</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Zagreb</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Durrwald, Ralf" sort="Durrwald, Ralf" uniqKey="Durrwald R" first="Ralf" last="Dürrwald">Ralf Dürrwald</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff14">Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Center for Influenza, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Center for Influenza</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>National Reference Center for Influenza</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>National Reference Center for Influenza</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>National Reference Center for Influenza</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Werf, Sylvie" sort="Van Der Werf, Sylvie" uniqKey="Van Der Werf S" first="Sylvie" last="Van Der Werf">Sylvie Van Der Werf</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Université Paris Diderot SPC, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Université Paris Diderot SPC</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Université Paris Diderot SPC</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Université Paris Diderot SPC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff16">CNR des virus des infections respiratoires, WHO National Influenza Center, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>CNR des virus des infections respiratoires, WHO National Influenza Center, Institut Pasteur, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Larrauri, Amparo" sort="Larrauri, Amparo" uniqKey="Larrauri A" first="Amparo" last="Larrauri">Amparo Larrauri</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff5">National Epidemiology Centre, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>National Epidemiology Centre, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff6">CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enkirch, Theresa" sort="Enkirch, Theresa" uniqKey="Enkirch T" first="Theresa" last="Enkirch">Theresa Enkirch</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Onnell, Joan" sort="O Onnell, Joan" uniqKey="O Onnell J" first="Joan" last="O Onnell">Joan O Onnell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Health Service Executive- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Health Service Executive- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dublin</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guiomar, Raquel" sort="Guiomar, Raquel" uniqKey="Guiomar R" first="Raquel" last="Guiomar">Raquel Guiomar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff17">Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lisbon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hooiveld, Mariette" sort="Hooiveld, Mariette" uniqKey="Hooiveld M" first="Mariëtte" last="Hooiveld">Mariëtte Hooiveld</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff18">Nivel (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Nivel (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petrovi, Goranka" sort="Petrovi, Goranka" uniqKey="Petrovi G" first="Goranka" last="Petrovi">Goranka Petrovi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Croatian Institute of Public Health, Division for epidemiology of communicable diseases, Zagreb, Croatia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>Croatian Institute of Public Health, Division for epidemiology of communicable diseases, Zagreb</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Zagreb</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stoian, Elena" sort="Stoian, Elena" uniqKey="Stoian E" first="Elena" last="Stoian">Elena Stoian</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12">”Cantacuzino” National Military-Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>”Cantacuzino” National Military-Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bucharest</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Penttinen, Pasi" sort="Penttinen, Pasi" uniqKey="Penttinen P" first="Pasi" last="Penttinen">Pasi Penttinen</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff19">European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valenciano, Marta" sort="Valenciano, Marta" uniqKey="Valenciano M" first="Marta" last="Valenciano">Marta Valenciano</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Epidemiology Department, Epiconcept, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiology Department, Epiconcept, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">31796152</idno><idno type="pmc">6891946</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6891946</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:6891946</idno><idno type="doi">10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.48.1900604</idno><date when="2019">2019</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000958</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" 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E" first="Esther" last="Kissling">Esther Kissling</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Epidemiology Department, Epiconcept, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiology Department, Epiconcept, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pozo, Francisco" sort="Pozo, Francisco" uniqKey="Pozo F" first="Francisco" last="Pozo">Francisco Pozo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2">National Centre for Microbiology, National Influenza Reference Laboratory, WHO-National Influenza Centre, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>National Centre for Microbiology, National Influenza Reference Laboratory, WHO-National Influenza Centre, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buda, Silke" sort="Buda, Silke" uniqKey="Buda S" first="Silke" last="Buda">Silke Buda</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Robert Koch Institute, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Respiratory Infections Unit, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Robert Koch Institute, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Respiratory Infections Unit, Berlin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region><settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vilcu, Ana Maria" sort="Vilcu, Ana Maria" uniqKey="Vilcu A" first="Ana-Maria" last="Vilcu">Ana-Maria Vilcu</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gherasim, Alin" sort="Gherasim, Alin" uniqKey="Gherasim A" first="Alin" last="Gherasim">Alin Gherasim</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff5">National Epidemiology Centre, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>National Epidemiology Centre, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff6">CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brytting, Mia" sort="Brytting, Mia" uniqKey="Brytting M" first="Mia" last="Brytting">Mia Brytting</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Domegan, Lisa" sort="Domegan, Lisa" uniqKey="Domegan L" first="Lisa" last="Domegan">Lisa Domegan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Health Service Executive- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Health Service Executive- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dublin</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff9">European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="G Mez, Ver Nica" sort="G Mez, Ver Nica" uniqKey="G Mez V" first="Ver Nica" last="G Mez">Ver Nica G Mez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lisbon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meijer, Adam" sort="Meijer, Adam" uniqKey="Meijer A" first="Adam" last="Meijer">Adam Meijer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bilthoven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lazar, Mihaela" sort="Lazar, Mihaela" uniqKey="Lazar M" first="Mihaela" last="Lazar">Mihaela Lazar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12">”Cantacuzino” National Military-Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>”Cantacuzino” National Military-Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bucharest</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vu Ina, Vesna Visekruna" sort="Vu Ina, Vesna Visekruna" uniqKey="Vu Ina V" first="Vesna Višekruna" last="Vu Ina">Vesna Višekruna Vu Ina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Croatian Institute of Public Health, Division for epidemiology of communicable diseases, Zagreb, Croatia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>Croatian Institute of Public Health, Division for epidemiology of communicable diseases, Zagreb</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Zagreb</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Durrwald, Ralf" sort="Durrwald, Ralf" uniqKey="Durrwald R" first="Ralf" last="Dürrwald">Ralf Dürrwald</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff14">Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Center for Influenza, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Center for Influenza</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>National Reference Center for Influenza</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>National Reference Center for Influenza</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>National Reference Center for Influenza</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Werf, Sylvie" sort="Van Der Werf, Sylvie" uniqKey="Van Der Werf S" first="Sylvie" last="Van Der Werf">Sylvie Van Der Werf</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Université Paris Diderot SPC, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Université Paris Diderot SPC</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Université Paris Diderot SPC</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Université Paris Diderot SPC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff16">CNR des virus des infections respiratoires, WHO National Influenza Center, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>CNR des virus des infections respiratoires, WHO National Influenza Center, Institut Pasteur, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Larrauri, Amparo" sort="Larrauri, Amparo" uniqKey="Larrauri A" first="Amparo" last="Larrauri">Amparo Larrauri</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff5">National Epidemiology Centre, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>National Epidemiology Centre, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff6">CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enkirch, Theresa" sort="Enkirch, Theresa" uniqKey="Enkirch T" first="Theresa" last="Enkirch">Theresa Enkirch</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Onnell, Joan" sort="O Onnell, Joan" uniqKey="O Onnell J" first="Joan" last="O Onnell">Joan O Onnell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Health Service Executive- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Health Service Executive- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dublin</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guiomar, Raquel" sort="Guiomar, Raquel" uniqKey="Guiomar R" first="Raquel" last="Guiomar">Raquel Guiomar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff17">Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lisbon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hooiveld, Mariette" sort="Hooiveld, Mariette" uniqKey="Hooiveld M" first="Mariëtte" last="Hooiveld">Mariëtte Hooiveld</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff18">Nivel (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Nivel (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petrovi, Goranka" sort="Petrovi, Goranka" uniqKey="Petrovi G" first="Goranka" last="Petrovi">Goranka Petrovi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Croatian Institute of Public Health, Division for epidemiology of communicable diseases, Zagreb, Croatia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>Croatian Institute of Public Health, Division for epidemiology of communicable diseases, Zagreb</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Zagreb</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stoian, Elena" sort="Stoian, Elena" uniqKey="Stoian E" first="Elena" last="Stoian">Elena Stoian</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12">”Cantacuzino” National Military-Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>”Cantacuzino” National Military-Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bucharest</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Penttinen, Pasi" sort="Penttinen, Pasi" uniqKey="Penttinen P" first="Pasi" last="Penttinen">Pasi Penttinen</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff19">European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valenciano, Marta" sort="Valenciano, Marta" uniqKey="Valenciano M" first="Marta" last="Valenciano">Marta Valenciano</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Epidemiology Department, Epiconcept, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiology Department, Epiconcept, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Eurosurveillance</title><idno type="ISSN">1025-496X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1560-7917</idno><imprint><date when="2019">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Influenza A(H3N2) clades 3C.2a and 3C.3a co-circulated in Europe in 2018/19. Immunological imprinting by first childhood influenza infection may induce future birth cohort differences in vaccine effectiveness (VE).</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>The I-MOVE multicentre primary care test-negative study assessed 2018/19 influenza A(H3N2) VE by age and genetic subgroups to explore VE by birth cohort.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We measured VE against influenza A(H3N2) and (sub)clades. We stratified VE by usual age groups (0–14, 15–64, ≥ 65-years). To assess the imprint-regulated effect of vaccine (I-REV) hypothesis, we further stratified the middle-aged group, notably including 32–54-year-olds (1964–86) sharing potential childhood imprinting to serine at haemagglutinin position 159.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Influenza A(H3N2) VE among all ages was −1% (95% confidence interval (CI): −24 to 18) and 46% (95% CI: 8–68), −26% (95% CI: −66 to 4) and 20% (95% CI: −20 to 46) among 0–14, 15–64 and ≥ 65-year-olds, respectively. Among 15–64-year-olds, VE against clades 3C.2a1b and 3C.3a was 15% (95% CI: −34 to 50) and −74% (95% CI: −259 to 16), respectively. VE was −18% (95% CI: −140 to 41), −53% (95% CI: −131 to −2) and −12% (95% CI: −74 to 28) among 15–31-year-olds (1987–2003), 32–54-year-olds (1964–86) and 55–64-year-olds (1954–63), respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>The lowest 2018/19 influenza A(H3N2) VE was against clade 3C.3a and among those born 1964–86, corresponding to the I-REV hypothesis. The low influenza A(H3N2) VE in 15–64-year-olds and the public health impact of the I-REV hypothesis warrant further study.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kissling, E" uniqKey="Kissling E">E Kissling</name></author><author><name sortKey="Valenciano, M" uniqKey="Valenciano M">M Valenciano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pozo, F" uniqKey="Pozo F">F Pozo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vilcu, Am" uniqKey="Vilcu A">AM Vilcu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reuss, A" uniqKey="Reuss A">A Reuss</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rizzo, C" uniqKey="Rizzo C">C Rizzo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kissling, E" uniqKey="Kissling E">E Kissling</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pozo, F" uniqKey="Pozo F">F Pozo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buda, S" uniqKey="Buda 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Kissling</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reuss, A" uniqKey="Reuss A">A Reuss</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jimenez Jorge, S" uniqKey="Jimenez Jorge S">S Jiménez-Jorge</name></author><author><name sortKey="Horvath, Jk" uniqKey="Horvath J">JK Horváth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Donnell, Jm" uniqKey="Donnell J">JM Donnell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Linster, M" uniqKey="Linster M">M Linster</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schrauwen, Eja" uniqKey="Schrauwen E">EJA Schrauwen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Vliet, S" uniqKey="Van Der Vliet S">S van der Vliet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burke, Df" uniqKey="Burke D">DF Burke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lexmond, P" uniqKey="Lexmond P">P Lexmond</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bestebroer, Tm" uniqKey="Bestebroer T">TM Bestebroer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Matsuzawa, Y" uniqKey="Matsuzawa Y">Y Matsuzawa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Iwatsuki Horimoto, K" uniqKey="Iwatsuki Horimoto K">K Iwatsuki-Horimoto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nishimoto, Y" uniqKey="Nishimoto Y">Y Nishimoto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abe, Y" uniqKey="Abe Y">Y Abe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fukuyama, S" uniqKey="Fukuyama S">S Fukuyama</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hamabata, T" uniqKey="Hamabata T">T Hamabata</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Xie, H" uniqKey="Xie H">H Xie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, L" uniqKey="Li L">L Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ye, Z" uniqKey="Ye Z">Z Ye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, X" uniqKey="Li X">X Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Plant, Ep" uniqKey="Plant E">EP Plant</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zoueva, O" uniqKey="Zoueva O">O Zoueva</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Croatie</li><li>Espagne</li><li>France</li><li>Irlande (pays)</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Portugal</li><li>Roumanie</li><li>Suède</li></country><region><li>Berlin</li><li>Communauté de Madrid</li><li>Svealand</li><li>Utrecht (province)</li><li>Île-de-France</li></region><settlement><li>Berlin</li><li>Madrid</li><li>Paris</li><li>Stockholm</li><li>Utrecht</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="France"><region name="Île-de-France"><name sortKey="Kissling, Esther" sort="Kissling, Esther" uniqKey="Kissling E" first="Esther" last="Kissling">Esther Kissling</name></region><name sortKey="Valenciano, Marta" sort="Valenciano, Marta" uniqKey="Valenciano M" first="Marta" last="Valenciano">Marta Valenciano</name><name sortKey="Van Der Werf, Sylvie" sort="Van Der Werf, Sylvie" uniqKey="Van Der Werf S" first="Sylvie" last="Van Der Werf">Sylvie Van Der Werf</name><name sortKey="Van Der Werf, Sylvie" sort="Van Der Werf, Sylvie" uniqKey="Van Der Werf S" first="Sylvie" last="Van Der Werf">Sylvie Van Der Werf</name><name sortKey="Vilcu, Ana Maria" sort="Vilcu, Ana Maria" uniqKey="Vilcu A" first="Ana-Maria" last="Vilcu">Ana-Maria Vilcu</name></country><country name="Espagne"><region name="Communauté de Madrid"><name sortKey="Pozo, Francisco" sort="Pozo, Francisco" uniqKey="Pozo F" first="Francisco" last="Pozo">Francisco Pozo</name></region><name sortKey="Gherasim, Alin" sort="Gherasim, Alin" uniqKey="Gherasim A" first="Alin" last="Gherasim">Alin Gherasim</name><name sortKey="Gherasim, Alin" sort="Gherasim, Alin" uniqKey="Gherasim A" first="Alin" last="Gherasim">Alin Gherasim</name><name sortKey="Larrauri, Amparo" sort="Larrauri, Amparo" uniqKey="Larrauri A" first="Amparo" last="Larrauri">Amparo Larrauri</name><name sortKey="Larrauri, Amparo" sort="Larrauri, Amparo" uniqKey="Larrauri A" first="Amparo" last="Larrauri">Amparo Larrauri</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Berlin"><name sortKey="Buda, Silke" sort="Buda, Silke" uniqKey="Buda S" first="Silke" last="Buda">Silke Buda</name></region><name sortKey="Durrwald, Ralf" sort="Durrwald, Ralf" uniqKey="Durrwald R" first="Ralf" last="Dürrwald">Ralf Dürrwald</name></country><country name="Suède"><region name="Svealand"><name sortKey="Brytting, Mia" sort="Brytting, Mia" uniqKey="Brytting M" first="Mia" last="Brytting">Mia Brytting</name></region><name sortKey="Domegan, Lisa" sort="Domegan, Lisa" uniqKey="Domegan L" first="Lisa" last="Domegan">Lisa Domegan</name><name sortKey="Enkirch, Theresa" sort="Enkirch, Theresa" uniqKey="Enkirch T" first="Theresa" last="Enkirch">Theresa Enkirch</name><name sortKey="Penttinen, Pasi" sort="Penttinen, Pasi" uniqKey="Penttinen P" first="Pasi" last="Penttinen">Pasi Penttinen</name></country><country name="Irlande (pays)"><noRegion><name sortKey="Domegan, Lisa" sort="Domegan, Lisa" uniqKey="Domegan L" first="Lisa" last="Domegan">Lisa Domegan</name></noRegion><name sortKey="O Onnell, Joan" sort="O Onnell, Joan" uniqKey="O Onnell J" first="Joan" last="O Onnell">Joan O Onnell</name></country><country name="Portugal"><noRegion><name sortKey="G Mez, Ver Nica" sort="G Mez, Ver Nica" uniqKey="G Mez V" first="Ver Nica" last="G Mez">Ver Nica G Mez</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Guiomar, Raquel" sort="Guiomar, Raquel" uniqKey="Guiomar R" first="Raquel" last="Guiomar">Raquel Guiomar</name></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><noRegion><name sortKey="Meijer, Adam" sort="Meijer, Adam" uniqKey="Meijer A" first="Adam" last="Meijer">Adam Meijer</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Hooiveld, Mariette" sort="Hooiveld, Mariette" uniqKey="Hooiveld M" first="Mariëtte" last="Hooiveld">Mariëtte Hooiveld</name></country><country name="Roumanie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lazar, Mihaela" sort="Lazar, Mihaela" uniqKey="Lazar M" first="Mihaela" last="Lazar">Mihaela Lazar</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Stoian, Elena" sort="Stoian, Elena" uniqKey="Stoian E" first="Elena" last="Stoian">Elena Stoian</name></country><country name="Croatie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Vu Ina, Vesna Visekruna" sort="Vu Ina, Vesna Visekruna" uniqKey="Vu Ina V" first="Vesna Višekruna" last="Vu Ina">Vesna Višekruna Vu Ina</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Petrovi, Goranka" sort="Petrovi, Goranka" uniqKey="Petrovi G" first="Goranka" last="Petrovi">Goranka Petrovi</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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